El contacto piel a piel como promotor de la lactancia materna, y su posible relación con la disminución de la hiperbilirrubinemia / Skin-to-skin contact as a promoter of breastfeeding, and its possible relationship with the reduction of hyperbilirubinemia

INTRODUCCIÓN: El contacto piel a piel (CPP) postparto es una práctica de atención de salud fuertemente aconsejada por la OMS, por los beneficios a largo y a corto plazo que conlleva tanto para la salud de la madre como para la del recién nacido. OBJETIVO: Realizar una búsqueda bibliográfica con el objetivo de determinar los beneficios que tiene la CPP durante el periodo del postparto inmediato sobre la lactancia materna (LM) y la ictericia neonatal (IN). RESULTADOS: Los resultados muestran que el CPP aumenta diversos indicadores de éxito de lactancia materna, dentro de los cuales destacan: aumento en la efectividad de la primera lactancia, mayor probabilidad de mantener la LM a 4 meses, aumento del periodo de LM en promedio, mayor probabilidad de LM exclusiva a 6 meses. No se encontraron mayores beneficios al iniciar el CPP antes de los 10 minutos, ni al prolongarlo más de 60 minutos. Además, el CPP indirectamente disminuye la probabilidad de presentar IN, debido a que aumenta la frecuencia de LM, indicador que se asocia de manera indirecta a los niveles de bilirrubina en el recién nacido. CONCLUSIÓN: La revisión de la literatura especializada nos permite concluir que el contacto temprano entre la madre y su hijo en sala de partos, piel a piel, tiene efectos significativamente positivos en la lactancia materna y puede llegar a representar un factor protector de la hiperbilirrubinemia no conjugada en el RN.

Postpartum skin-to-skin contact (SSC) is a health care practice strongly advised by the WHO because of the long- and short-term benefits for both maternal and newborn health. This update summarizes the main findings supporting the recommendation to perform SSC during the immediate postpartum period, specifically the benefits on breastfeeding (BF) and neonatal jaundice (NI). The results show that SSC increases several indicators of breastfeeding success, including: increased effectiveness of the first breastfeeding, greater probability of maintaining BF at 4 months, increased BF period on average, greater probability of exclusive BF at 6 months. No greater benefits were found when initiating SSC before 10 minutes, nor when prolonging it for more than 60 minutes. In addition, SSC indirectly decreases the probability of presenting NI, because it increases the frequency of BF, an indicator that is indirectly associated with bilirubin levels in the newborn. CONCLUSION: A review of the specialized literature allows us to conclude that postpartum skin-to-skin contact (SSC) has significantly positive effects on breastfeeding and may represent benefits in bilirubin levels in the newborn.

Scar-free wound healing following full-thickness cutaneous wounding in the tail and body of Scincella tsinlingensis / Cicatrización de heridas sin cicatrices luego de heridas cutáneas de espesor total en la cola y el cuerpo de Scincella tsinlingensis

SUMMARY: The cutaneous wounds of trunk and tail healing scar-free or with scar were different in lizard species. Full- thickness cutaneous injuries of tail and body of Scincella tsinlingensis were examined by histomorphological and immunohistochemistrical methods. The results showed that all injuries healed without scarring. The process of the wound healing of S. tsinlingensis involved hemostasis, re-epithelialization, proliferation and remodelling, which also could be further subdivided into six stages. Stage I, 0-2 day post wound (dpw), the blood oozed gradually, no obvious wound contraction, minimal blood loss. Stage II, 2-10 dpw, the wound bed covered by the fibrin clot of blood, tissue fluid and tissue debris. Stage III, 7d-15 dpw, the wrinkled wound epitheliums was gradually stratified, and its surface was keratinized and exfoliated. Stage IV, 10-28 dpw, pigment cells were distributed at the boundary between epidermis and dermis, with few blood vessels and no granulation tissue formation. Stage V, 20-70 dpw, opaque scales covered the wound epithelium with randomly scattered melanophores in the base of the epidermis. Stage VI, 45-135 dpw, the epidermis and dermis restored to the thickness of the original skin. Regenerated scales were similar to scales of the uninjured dermis. The positive immunostaining of matrix metalloproteinases-9, cytokeratin 6, alpha smooth muscle actin, caspase 3 and transforming growth factor-β3 showed the specificity of healing period and different stages, which participated in skin wounds healing of S. tsinlingensis.

RESUMEN: En las diferentes especies de lagartos las heridas cutáneas del tronco y la cola sin cicatrices, o con algún tipo de cicatriz son diversas. En este estudio se examinaron las heridas cutáneas de espesor total de la cola y el cuerpo de Scincella tsinlingensis mediante métodos histomorfológicos e inmunohistoquímicos. Los resultados indicaron que todas las lesiones sanaron sin cicatrices visibles. El proceso de cicatrización de heridas de S. tsinlingensis implicó hemostasia, reepitelización, proliferación y remodelación, que también podrían subdividirse en seis etapas. Etapa I, 0-2 días después de la herida (dph), la sangre filtraba gradualmente, sin contracción evidente de la herida, con pérdida mínima de sangre. Etapa II, 2-10 dph, el lecho de la herida estaba cubierto por el coágulo de sangre, líquido tisular y restos tisulares de fibrina. Etapa III, 7-15 dph, los epitelios de la herida se estratificaron gradualmente y su superficie se queratiniza y exfolia. Etapa IV, 10-28 dph, las células pigmentarias se distribuyeron en el límite entre la epidermis y la dermis, con pocos vasos sanguíneos y sin formación de tejido de granulación. Etapa V, 20-70 dph, escamas opacas cubrieron el epitelio de la herida con melanóforos dispersos al azar en la base de la epidermis. Etapa VI, 45-135 dph, la epidermis y la dermis restauradas al grosor de la piel original. Las escamas regeneradas eran similares a las escamas de la dermis sin herida. La inmunotinción positiva de metaloproteinasas- 9 de matriz, citoqueratina 6, actina de músculo liso alfa, caspasa 3 y factor de crecimiento transformante-β3 mostró la especificidad del período de curación y las diferentes etapas, que participaron en la curación de heridas cutáneas de S. tsinlingensis.

Development and Application of Non-invasive Real-time Detection System for Viscoelasticity of Skin Tissue / 中国医疗器械杂志

To satisfy the daily demand of skin condition maintenance, make non-invasive real-time detection, and get proper quantitative evaluation of skin viscoelasticity parameters at the same time, a portable non-invasive detection system to acquire real-time skin tissue viscoelasticity is developed. The system relies mainly on a single-degree-of-freedom forced vibration model, with spring-damp-mass, and on dynamic micro indentation method. The experiment is conducted on two kinds of springs, and on pigskin tissues as well, the system's suitability, accuracy and stability are confirmed. The skin viscoelasticity detection in vivo is also carried out on 20 subjects with different ages, the differences of skin viscoelasticity in various parts of the body are investigated, and the correlations between age and skin viscoelasticity are clarified.

Caracterización biomolecular mediante microespectroscopía FTIR en la fase de remodelación de la cicatrización en un modelo murino de lesión excisional / Biomolecular characterization by FTIR microspectroscopy in the modeling phase of wound cicatrization in a murine model of excisional injury

La cicatrización de la piel es un proceso complejo y organizado que involucra tres fases: inflamatoria, proliferativa y de remodelación. Es indispensable el análisis de este proceso biomolecularmente para investigar y proponer nuevas estrategias terapéuticas que mejoren la cicatrización o promuevan la regeneración. El objetivo de este proyecto fue analizar histológica y biomolecularmente mediante microespectroscopía infrarroja por transformada de Fourier (MFTIR) y su función de mapeo bioquímico, muestras de lesiones excisionales de piel, comparando los cambios morfológicos y espectroscópicos entre piel sana y piel cicatrizada. Se estandarizó un modelo de lesión excisional de piel en ratones hembra de la cepa NIH de 8 semanas de edad (n=16), provocando una herida excisional de 1 cm2. Se analizó piel sana (día 0) y cicatrizada (día 15 post-lesión) morfométrica, histológica y biomolecularmente mediante análisis fotográfico, técnica histológica y MFTIR con su función de mapeo. El análisis morfométrico demostró una reducción del área de la herida en un 87,6 % al día 15 post-lesión. Histológicamente, en la piel cicatrizada se evidenció un adelgazamiento de la epidermis y menor celularidad en la dermis, observándose la formación de tejido de granulación y fibras de colágena desorganizadas. Espectroscópicamente, se apreciaron cambios entre los dos grupos de estudio, principalmente en las bandas de lípidos y en la región de proteínas. El cálculo de las áreas bajo la curva y el mapeo bioquímico mostraron menor concentración de queratina y colágena en la piel cicatrizada, así como desorganización de las fibras de colágena. Se demostró la capacidad de la MFTIR para caracterizar de forma precisa los cambios biomoleculares en la cicatrización, entre ellos la cantidad de queratina, colágena, y el depósito y ordenamiento de las fibras de colágena asociadas a su maduración.

The skin cicatrization is a complex and organized process that involves three phases: inflammatory, proliferative, and remodeling. It is essential to analyze this process biomolecularly, in order to investigate and propose new therapeutic strategies that improve the healing or promote regeneration. The objective of this project was to analyze histological and biomolecularly through Fourier Transform infrared microspectroscopy (FTIRM) and its biochemical mapping function, samples of an excisional skin wound, comparing the morphological and spectroscopic changes between healthy skin and scarred skin. An excisional skin wound healing model was standardized using female, NIH strain 8-week-old mice (n = 16), provoking an excisional wound of 1 cm2. Healthy skin (day 0) and scarring skin (day 15 post-injury) were morphometrical, histological, and biomolecularly analyzed by digital picture analysis, histological technique, and FTIRM with its mapping function. The morphometric analysis showed a reduction of the wound area of 87.6 % at day 15 after wound. Histologically, in the scarred skin a thinning of the epidermis was evidenced, besides reduced cellularity in the dermis, granulation tissue formation, and disorganized collagen fibers were observed. Spectroscopically, changes between the study groups were appreciated, mainly in the lipid bands and in the protein region. The calculation of the areas under the curve and the biochemical mapping showed a lower concentration of keratin and collagen in the scarred skin, as well as collagen fibers disorganization. The ability of the FTIRM to accurately characterize biomolecular changes in cicatrization process was demonstrated, such as the amount of keratin, collagen, and the deposition and ordering of the collagen fibers associated with their maturation.

The wound healing potential of collagen peptides derived from the jellyfish Rhopilema esculentum / 中华创伤杂志(英文版)

PURPOSE@#Wound represents a major health challenge as they consume a large amount of healthcare resources to improve patient's quality of life. Many scientific studies have been conducted in search of ideal biomaterials with wound-healing activity for clinical use and collagen has been proven to be a suitable candidate biomaterial. This study intended to investigate the wound healing activity of collagen peptides derived from jellyfish following oral administration.@*METHODS@#In this study, collagen was extracted from the jellyfish--Rhopilema esculentum using 1% pepsin. Sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) and fourier transform infrared (FTIR) were used to identify and determine the molecular weight of the jellyfish collagen. Collagenase II, papain and alkaline proteinase were used to breakdown jellyfish collagen into collagen peptides. Wound scratch assay (in vitro) was done to determine migration potential of human umbilical vein endothelial cells (HUVEC) covering the artificial wound created on the cell monolayer following treatment with collagen peptides. In vivo studies were conducted to determine the effects of collagen peptides on wound healing by examining wound contraction, re-epithelialization, tissue regeneration and collagen deposition on the wounded skin of mice. Confidence level (p < 0.05) was considered significant using GraphPad Prism software.@*RESULTS@#The yield of collagen was 4.31%. The SDS-PAGE and FTIR showed that extracted collagen from jellyfish was type I. Enzymatic hydrolysis of this collagen using collagenase II produced collagen peptides (CP) and hydrolysis with alkaline proteinase/papain resulted into collagen peptides (CP). Tricine SDS-PAGE revealed that collagen peptides consisted of protein fragments with molecular weight <25 kDa. Wound scratch assay showed that there were significant effects on the scratch closure on cells treated with collagen peptides at a concentration of 6.25 μg/mL for 48 h as compared to the vehicle treated cells. Overall treatment with collagen peptide on mice with full thickness excised wounds had a positive result in wound contraction as compared with the control. Histological assessment of peptides treated mice models showed remarkable sign of re-epithelialization, tissue regeneration and increased collagen deposition. Immunohistochemistry of the skin sections showed a significant increase in β-fibroblast growth factor (β-FGF) and the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) expression on collagen peptides treated group.@*CONCLUSION@#Collagen peptides derived from the jellyfish-Rhopilema esculentum can accelerate the wound healing process thus could be a therapeutic potential product that may be beneficial in wound clinics in the future.

Rab25 Deficiency Perturbs Epidermal Differentiation and Skin Barrier Function in Mice

Rab25, a member of the Rab11 small GTPase family, is central to achieving cellular polarity in epithelial tissues. Rab25 is highly expressed in epithelial cells of various tissues including breast, vagina, cervix, the gastrointestinal tract, and skin. Rab25 plays key roles in tumorigenesis, mainly by regulating epithelial differentiation and proliferation. However, its role in skin physiology is relatively unknown. In this study, we demonstrated that Rab25 knock-out (KO) mice show a skin barrier dysfunction with high trans-epidermal water loss and low cutaneous hydration. To examine this observation, we investigated the histology and epidermal differentiation markers of the skin in Rab25 KO mice. Rab25 KO increased cell proliferation at the basal layer of epidermis, whereas the supra-basal layer remained unaffected. Ceramide, which is a critical lipid component for skin barrier function, was not altered by Rab25 KO in its distribution or amount, as determined by immunohistochemistry. Notably, levels of epidermal differentiation markers, including loricrin, involucrin, and keratins (5, 14, 1, and 10) increased prominently in Rab25 KO mice. In line with this, depletion of Rab25 with single hairpin RNA increased the expression of differentiation markers in a human keratinocyte cell line, HaCaT. Transcriptomic analysis of the skin revealed increased expression of genes associated with skin development, epidermal development, and keratinocyte differentiation in Rab25 KO mice. Collectively, these results suggested that Rab25 is involved in the regulation of epidermal differentiation and proliferation.

Influence of facial threading on various physiological parameters of the skin: non-randomized trial involving adult women in Taiwan

Abstract: Background: Facial threading involves the removal of hairs to restore facial skin smoothness. However, its effectiveness has not been rigorously evaluated. Objective: To evaluate effects of facial threading on skin roughness, hydration, melanin index, and vellus hair on the face, complemented by a subjective evaluation of the tactile feel of the skin and improvement in skin color. Method: Participants who had not used exfoliators for two weeks before the experiment were included. Each participant underwent one session of facial threading every 21 days, for a total of 3 sessions. A three-dimensional skin roughness instrument and a multifunctional skin testing system were used to evaluate changes in roughness, hydration, and pigmentation on the forehead, cheeks, and corners of the mouth. A photomicrographic camera was used to record changes in vellus hair. Subjective reports of skin smoothness and color were recorded. Result: Eighteen participants completed the study. Facial threading produced a significant decrease in skin roughness on the forehead (22.42%, p = .013), right cheek (77%, p = .02), and left corner of the mouth (33.02%, p = .001). Subjective improvement in tactile feel of the skin and coloring were reported. Study Limitations: The study did not include randomization, with further limitations of a small sample size and a single site. Conclusion: Facial threading reduced skin roughness by 26.74% after three threading sessions, with improved subjective assessment of tactile feel and coloring. Future research should include a comparison with other cosmetic products with similar beautifying effects or a control group.

Safety of a formulation containing chitosan microparticles with chamomile: blind controlled clinical trial / Segurança de uma formulação contendo micropartículas de quitosana com camomila: ensaio clínico, mascarado e controlado / Seguridad de una formulación conteniendo micropartículas de quitosano con manzanilla: ensayo clínico, enmascarado y controlado

ABSTRACT Objective: to evaluate the safety of a topical formulation containing chamomile microparticles coated with chitosan in the skin of healthy participants. Method: phase I blind, controlled, non-randomized, single-dose clinical trial with control for skin, base formulation, and formulation with microparticles. The variables analyzed were irritation and hydration by the Wilcoxon and Kruskall-Wallis tests. Results: the study started with 35 participants with a mean age of 26.3 years. Of these, 30 (85.71%) were female, 29 (82.90%) were white skinned and 32 (91.40%) had no previous pathologies. One participant was removed from the study reporting erythema at the site of application, and four other participants for not attending the last evaluation. In the 30 participants who completed the study, the tested formulation did not cause erythema, peeling, burning, pruritus or pain; there was an improvement in cutaneous hydration in the site of application of the formulation with microparticles. In the evaluation of the barrier function, there was an increase in transepidermal water loss in all sites. Conclusion: the formulation with chamomile microparticles is safe for topical use, not causing irritation and improving skin hydration over four weeks of use. Its effects on barrier function need further investigation. No. RBR-3h78kz in the Brazilian Registry of Clinical Trials (ReBEC).

RESUMO Objetivo: avaliar a segurança de uma formulação tópica, contendo micropartículas de camomila revestidas com quitosana, na pele de participantes saudáveis. Método: ensaio clínico fase I, mascarado, controlado, não aleatorizado, de dose única, com controles da pele, da base da formulação e da formulação com micropartículas. As variáveis analisadas foram irritação e hidratação por meio dos testes de Wilcoxon e Kruskall-Wallis. Resultados: iniciaram o estudo 35 participantes com idade média de 26,3 anos. Destes, 30 (85,71%) eram do sexo feminino, 29 (82,90%) brancos e 32 (91,40%) sem patologias prévias. Um participante foi descontinuado por referir eritema no local de aplicação e quatro por não comparecerem à última avaliação. Nos 30 participantes que finalizaram o estudo, a formulação teste não causou eritema, descamação, ardor, prurido ou dor; houve melhora na hidratação cutânea no local de aplicação da formulação com as micropartículas. Na avaliação da função barreira houve aumento da perda transepidérmica de água em todos os locais. Conclusão: a formulação com micropartículas de camomila é segura para o uso tópico, não provocando irritação e melhorando a hidratação cutânea ao longo de quatro semanas de uso. Seus efeitos na função barreira devem ser melhor estudados. N° RBR-3h78kz no Registro Brasileiro de Ensaios Clínicos (ReBEC).

RESUMEN Objetivo: evaluar la seguridad de una formulación tópica, conteniendo micropartículas de manzanilla revestidas con quitosano, en la piel de participantes sanos. Método: ensayo clínico fase I, enmascarado, controlado, no aleatorizado, de dosis única, con controles de la piel, de la base de la formulación y de la formulación con micropartículas. Las variables analizadas fueron irritación e hidratación por medio de los tests de Wilcoxon y Kruskall-Wallis. Resultados: iniciaron el estudio 35 participantes con edad media de 26,3 años. De esos, 30 (85,71%) eran del sexo femenino, 29 (82,90%) blancos y 32 (91,40%) sin patologías previas. Un participante fue descontinuado por referir eritema en el local de aplicación y cuatro por no comparecer a la última evaluación. En los 30 participantes que finalizaron el estudio, la formulación test no causó eritema, descamación, ardor, prurito o dolor; hubo mejora en la hidratación cutánea en el local de aplicación de la formulación con las micropartículas. En la evaluación de la función barrera hubo aumento de la pérdida transepidérmica de agua en todos los locales. Conclusión: la formulación con micropartículas de manzanilla es segura para el uso tópico, no provocando irritación y mejorando la hidratación cutánea a lo largo de cuatro semanas de uso. Sus efectos en la función barrera deben ser mejor estudiados. N° RBR-3h78kz en el Registro Brasilero de Ensayos Clínicos (ReBEC).

Two-point discrimination values vary depending on test site, sex and test modality in the orofacial region: a preliminary study

Abstract The two-point discrimination (TPD) test is one of the most commonly used neurosensory tests to assess mechanoperception in the clinical settings. While there have been numerous studies of functional sensibility of the hand using TPD test, there have been relatively not enough reports on TPD in the orofacial region. Objective The aims of the present study were to determine the normal values of TPD in the six trigeminal sites (the forehead, cheek, mentum, upper lip, lower lip, and the tongue tip) and to investigate the effect of the site, sex, and test modality on the TPD perception. Material and Methods Forty healthy volunteers consisting of age-matched men (20) and women (20) with a mean age of 27.1 years were recruited. One examiner performed the TPD test using a simple hand-operated device, i.e., by drawing compass with a blunt or sharp-pointed tip. The static TPD with a blunt-pointed tip (STPDB), moving TPD with a blunt-pointed tip (MTPDB), and static TPD with a sharp-pointed tip (STPDS) were measured. The predictors were the site, sex, and test modality, and the outcome variable was the TPD value. Three-way ANOVA was used for statistics. Results The analysis showed a significant effect of the site, sex and test modality on the TPD values. Significant differences between the test sites were observed with the descending order from the forehead and cheek>mentum>upper lip and lower lip>tongue tip and index finger. Women showed lower TPD values than those of men. The STPDS measurements were consistently lower than those of the STPDB and MTPDB. Conclusions The normal values of TPD in this study suggest that the cheek and forehead were less sensitive than other regions evaluated and women were more sensitive than men. The STPDS was the most sensitive test modality.

Skin barrier in rosacea

Abstract Recent studies about the cutaneous barrier demonstrated consistent evidence that the stratum corneum is a metabolically active structure and also has adaptive functions, may play a regulatory role in the inflammatory response with activation of keratinocytes, angiogenesis and fibroplasia, whose intensity depends primarily on the intensity the stimulus. There are few studies investigating the abnormalities of the skin barrier in rosacea, but the existing data already show that there are changes resulting from inflammation, which can generate a vicious circle caused a prolongation of flare-ups and worsening of symptoms. This article aims to gather the most relevant literature data about the characteristics and effects of the state of the skin barrier in rosacea.

Linhas de pesquisa em enfermagem: destaques filosóficos e epistemológicos / Research lines in nursing: phylosophical and epistemological highlights / Lineas de investigación en enfermería: destaques filosoficos y espistemologicos

RESUMONeste texto trata-se de explicar a investigação científica quanto às Linhas de Pesquisa e Prioridades de Enfermagem, com base na aplicação da teoria do conhecimento e como tangível à Subjetividade e à Objetividade no que concerne aos termos categoriais integrados na literatura como profissional, assistencial e organizacional.Objetivo:elucidar destaques filosóficos e epistemológicos mediante considerações significativas, essenciais, em favor da causalidade de questões no interesse da Enfermagem.Método:abordagem fundamentada nas proposições teóricas de Johannes Hessen, com referência a outros autores expertos no tema.Resultados:esclarecimento de aspectos substantivos e implicações adjetivas não só no interesse da investigação, ressaltando os significados essenciais do assunto, condizente com as elaborações de dissertações de mestrado e teses de doutorado de Enfermagem.Conclusão:trata-se de uma contribuição valiosa para esclarecer melhor detalhes da construção do conhecimento na temática e problemática do assunto posto em causa, as linhas de pesquisa em enfermagem.

ABSTRACTIn this paper scientific investigation is explained as related to the Nursing Research Lines and Priorities based on the theory of knowledge application and as tangible to Subjectivity and Objectivity on what relates to the integrated categorical terms in the literature as professional, caring and organizational.Objective:to elucidate philosophical and epistemological highlights in the face of meaningful, essential considerations, in favor of question causalities of interest to Nursing.Method:the reality approach is founded on the theoretical propositions of Johannes Hessen, with held attention to conceptions of other recognized authors.Results:one can state the exposition value to clarify substantive aspects and adjective implications, not only of interest to investigation, but just to pinpoint the essential meanings on the subject related to elaborated thesis and dissertations (Marters' and Doctoral).Conclusion:represents a valuable contribution to better clarify details on knowledge construction and on the subject theme under discussion.

RESUMENTratase de explicar la investigación científica cuanto a las Líneas de Investigación y Prioridades de Enfermería, en base de la aplicación de la teoría del conocimiento y como tangible a la Subjetividad y a la Objetividad en que concierne a los termos categorías integrados en la literatura como profesional, asistencial y organizacional.Objetivo:elucidar destaques filosóficos y epistemológicos mediante consideraciones en favor de la casualidad de cuestiones en el interés de la Enfermería.Método:es fundamentado en las proposiciones teóricas de Johannes Hessen y de otros autores consagrados.Resultados:clareamiento de aspectos sustantivo e implicaciones adjetivas no sólo el interés de la investigación, resaltando los significados esenciales del asunto coincidido con las elaboraciones de disertaciones y tesis (Maestría y Doctorado de Enfermería).Conclusión:texto representa una contribución valiosa para esclarecer mejor detalles de la construcción del conocimiento en la temática y problemática del asunto puesto en causa.

Quantificação de fatores de crescimento na pele de equinos tratada com plasma rico em plaquetas / Quantification of growth factors in horse skin treated with platelet-rich plasma

O plasma rico em plaquetas (PRP) é um produto derivado da centrifugação do sangue total, sendo rico em fatores bioativos, como os de crescimento. Apesar da ampla utilização em processos cicatriciais, há controvérsia sobre a eficácia da terapia na cicatrização cutânea. O objetivo desse estudo foi quantificar e comparar a concentração dos fatores TGF-β1 e PDGF-BB no PRP, plasma sanguíneo e pele, durante diferentes fases do processo de cicatrização da pele tratada ou não com PRP [...] Também foram obtidas amostras de sangue com EDTA em todos os tempos mencionados. A quantificação dos fatores de crescimento TGF-β1 e PDGF-BB na pele, PRP e plasma sanguíneo foi realizada pela técnica ELISA.Os dados foram analisados estatisticamente pelo teste t, correlação de Pearson e regressão, utilizando nível de significância de 5 por cento. Não houve diferença entre os grupos, nos valores dos dois fatores de crescimento mensurados na pele, nos diferentes tempos. Também não houve correlação entre a quantidade dos fatores de crescimento presentes na pele e no plasma. Por outro lado, correlação positiva foi observada entre PRP e pele no grupo tratado, para os fatores de crescimento TGF-β1 (r=0,31) e PDGF-BB (r=0,38), bem como entre ambos os fatores de crescimento presentes no PRP (r=0,81). Considerando as concentrações dos fatores de crescimento no T0, os maiores valores cutâneos (p<0,05) do TGF-β1, em ambos os grupos, ocorreram nos tempos T3 e T5. Valores mais elevados (p<0,05) do PDGF-BB ocorreram no T4 (GT) e T5 (GC). No plasma não houve alteração nas concentrações desses fatores em relação ao T0, o que sugere que o PRP não acarreta efeito sistêmico, quando os procedimentos adotados na presente pesquisa são utilizados. A administração local de PRP no volume estudado, 12 h após indução cirúrgica de ferida cutânea na região glútea de equinos não ocasiona maiores concentrações dos fatores de crescimento TGF-β1 e PDGF-BB no plasma sanguíneo e pele, durante o processo de cicatrização.

Platelet-rich plasma (PRP) is a product derived from total blood centrifugation, rich in bioactive factors, such as growth factors. Despite largely used in healing processes, there is a controversy whether the therapy is effective in promoting skin healing. The objective of this study was to quantify and compare the concentrations of the factors TGF-β1 and PDGF-BB in PRP, blood plasma and skin, at different phases of the healing process of skin treated or not with PRP. [...] Quantification of TGF-β1 and PDGF-BB growth factors on the skin, PRP, and blood plasma was carried out by the ELISA technique. Data were statistically analyzed by the t test, Pearson correlation and regression, at a significance level of 5 percent. No difference was found between the groups in the values of the two growth factors measured on the skin, at the different times. Also, no correlation was found between the amount of growth factors present in the skin and plasma. On the other hand, a positive correlation was observed between PRP and skin in the treated group, for the growth factors TGF-β1 (r=0.31) and PDGF-BB (r=0.38), as well as between both growth factors present in PRP (r=0.81). Considering the growth factor concentrations at T0, the highest skin values (p<0.05) of TGF-β1, in both groups, occurred at T3 and T5. Higher values (p<0.05) of PDGF-BB occurred at T4 (TG) and T5 (CG). No plasma changes occurred at the concentration of these factors in relation to T0, suggesting that PRP does not cause a systemic effect when the procedures adopted in this research are used. Local administration of PRP in the volume studied, 12 h after surgical induction of cutaneous wound gluteal equine does not cause higher concentrations of the growth factors TGF-β1 and PDGF-BB in the plasma and skin during the healing process.

Stem cells in dermatology

Preclinical and clinical research have shown that stem cell therapy could be a promising therapeutic option for many diseases in which current medical treatments do not achieve satisfying results or cure. This article describes stem cells sources and their therapeutic applications in dermatology today.

Development of skin moisture and body fat measurement system for mobile application / 中国医疗器械杂志

Integrating physiological parameters measurement into mobile devices is a development tendency of mobile healthcare. Measurement methods for skin moisture and body fat content are studied in this paper. Electrodes are designed for easy integration into mobile devices, and can be embedded in the cover of the mobile phone. Experiments were conducted to obtain a fast and easy measurement method. The results of evaluation show that the measurement system can achieve the same accuracy as commercial products (with correlation above 0.9 and root mean squared error below 4%) in skin moisture and body fat content measurement. Measurement of local-area body fat content showed a nearly linear positive correlation between local-area body fat content and local-area body impedance.

Atopic dermatitis and vitamin D: facts and controversies / Dermatite atopica e vitamina D: fatos e controversias

Patients with atopic dermatitis have genetically determined risk factors that affect the barrier function of the skin and immune responses that interact with environmental factors. Clinically, this results in an intensely pruriginous and inflamed skin that allows the penetration of irritants and allergens and predisposes patients to colonization and infection by microorganisms. Among the various etiological factors responsible for the increased prevalence of atopic diseases over the past few decades, the role of vitamin D has been emphasized. As the pathogenesis of AD involves a complex interplay of epidermal barrier dysfunction and dysregulated immune response, and vitamin D is involved in both processes, it is reasonable to expect that vitamin D's status could be associated with atopic dermatitis' risk or severity. Such association is suggested by epidemiological and experimental data. In this review, we will discuss the evidence for and against this controversial relationship, emphasizing the possible etiopathogenic mechanisms involved.

Pacientes com dermatite atópica têm fatores de risco geneticamente determinados que afetam a função de barreira da pele e as respostas imunes, as quais interagem com fatores ambientais. Clinicamente, isso resulta em uma pele intensamente pruriginosa, inflamada, que permite a penetração de irritantes e alérgenos e predispõe os pacientes à colonização e à infecção por micro-organismos. Dentre os diversos fatores etiológicos responsáveis pelo aumento da prevalência de doenças atópicas nas últimas décadas, o papel da vitamina D tem ganhado destaque. Uma vez que a patogênese da dermatite envolve uma interação complexa da disfunção da barreira epidérmica e desregulação da resposta imune - e a vitamina D está envolvida em ambos os processos-, é razoável esperar que a vitamina D esteja associada ao risco ou à gravidade da dermatite atópica. Tal associação é sugerida por dados epidemiológicos e experimentais. Nessa revisão, serão abordadas as evidências favoráveis e contrárias a essa polêmica relação, enfatizando os possíveis mecanismos etiopatogênicos envolvidos.

Análisis de la unidad funcional cutánea de tórax anterior para el movimiento de abducción completa de hombro en niños sanos de 7 a 10 años de edad / Anterior thorax cutaneous functional unit analysis of complete shoulder abduction movement in healthy 7 to 10 year old children

Introduction: cutaneous functional units (CFU) are predilected skin areas that determine the skin recruitment necessary for complete range of movement. Finding out the characteristics of CFU in healthy children, would allow for better diagnostics and prevent burn scar contractures. Objective: to determine angular displacement of CFU in anterior thorax (AT), for complete shoulder abduction movement, in healthy children between 7-10 years of age. Methods and material: a descriptive study of 42 healthy children at COANIQUEM, Santiago 2011, was developed. Independent photographs were taken of each child in a neutral position and in maximal abduction range for both shoulders. AT length was measured, and a vertical line was drawn dividing the thorax into two hemibodies with ten symmetric spaces or percentage units (PU). Photographs were analyzed through double exposure with Photoshop CS3 Extended®. AT skin recruitment, elongation and angulation measures were obtained. Results: while in upper extremity abduction, 59.5 percent of the children recruited AT skin up to PU 100 in the right shoulder, and up to 66.7 percent in the left shoulder, a non significant difference. Greatest AT skin displacement was produced at line four, while PU 50 achieved greatest elongation. Greatest angle displacement was observed at PU 10, with a meaningful difference between shoulders. Conclusion: CFU of AT for complete shoulder abduction movement is wider in children than in adults. Skin tension is greater among PU’s from the central portion of the chest.

Introducción: las unidades funcionales cutáneas (UFC), son campos de piel que determinan el reclutamiento de piel necesario para permitir el movimiento recluta completo de hombro. Conocer las características de UFC en niños sanos, permitiría mejorar diagnóstico y prevenir retracciones cicatriciales en secuelados por quemaduras. Objetivo: determinar el desplazamiento angular de UFC en tórax anterior (TA), de niños sanos entre 7-10 años, para el movimiento de abducción completa de hombro. Materiales y métodos: estudio descriptivo de 42 niños/as sanos en COANIQUEM Santiago 2011. A cada niño se tomó una fotografía de TA en posición neutra y otra en rango máximo de abducción de ambos hombros en forma independiente. Se midió longitud del TA y se trazó una línea vertical dividiendo el tronco en dos hemicuerpos con 10 espacios simétricos o unidades porcentuales (UP). Las fotografías se analizaron con doble exposición mediante Photoshop CS3 Extended®; se obtuvieron medidas de reclutamiento de piel, elongación y angulación de piel de TA. Resultados: el 59,5 por ciento de los niños en abducción de extremidad superior, reclutó piel de TA hasta la UP 100 en hombro derecho y el 66,7 por ciento en hombro izquierdo, diferencia no significativa. El mayor desplazamiento de piel del TA, se produjo en línea 4; la UP 50 logró mayor elongación; el mayor ángulo de desplazamiento se produjo en UP 10, con diferencia significativa entre ambos hombros. Conclusión: la UFC de TA para el movimiento de abducción del hombro, es más ancha que en adultos. La tensión de la piel es más alta en unidades porcentuales de la parte central del pecho.

Impacts on skin blood flow under moving cupping along meridians in different directions / 中国针灸

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To compare the impacts on skin blood flow between moving cupping following the meridian running direction and that against the running direction.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>JLG-2 meridian cupping drainage instru ment was used for moving cupping on the back along the Bladder Meridian running course in either single direction for 20 times. The cupping device was Bian stone cup, 44 mm in inner diameter, negative pressure from -0.03 to -0.04 MPa. PeriScan PIM II laser Doppler perfusion imager was used to observe the changes in skin blood flow on the running course of the Bladder Meridian with cup moved up and down and in the same region on the contralateral Bladder Meridian. Blood flow was measured before cupping, at the immediate time after cupping and 10 min after cupping separately. Fourteen healthy volunteers received the test. The measuring region was subdivided into a moving cupping area, an upstream area, a downstream area, a contralateral moving cupping area, a contralateral upstream area and a contralateral downstream area. The mean blood flow was calculated in each area.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Blood flow was increased significantly in each area and was more apparently increased in the moving cupping area. In comparison of the changing rate of blood flow between cupping following the meridian running direction and that against the running direction, it was only found that the changing rate in the upstream area of moving cupping against the running direction was significantly higher than that following the running direction (P < 0.05). The differences were not statistically significant in comparison among the other areas. Additionally, the changing rates of blood flow in the upstream and downstream area of the Bladder Meridian were increased significantly as compared with the contralateral Bladder Meridian.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The local effects are similar between moving cupping following the meridian running direction and that against the running direction. The abscopal effect of moving cupping against the running direction is superior to that following the running direction. It is suggested that the dual-directional moving cupping is applicable for the treatment of local disorders and the abscopal effect is better with moving cupping against the meridian running direction.</p>

Direct Analysis in Real Time Mass Spectrometry (DART-MS) Analysis of Skin Metabolome Changes in the Ultraviolet B-Induced Mice

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation is a major environmental factor that leads to acute and chronic reactions in the human skin. UV exposure induces wrinkle formation, DNA damage, and generation of reactive oxygen species (ROS). Most mechanistic studies of skin physiology and pharmacology related with UV-irradiated skin have focused on proteins and their related gene expression or single- targeted small molecules. The present study identified and analyzed the alteration of skin metabolites following UVB irradiation and topical retinyl palmitate (RP, 5%) treatment in hairless mice using direct analysis in real time (DART) time-of-flight mass spectrometry (TOF-MS) with multivariate analysis. Under the negative ion mode, the DART ion source successfully ionized various fatty acids including palmitoleic and linolenic acid. From DART-TOF-MS fingerprints measured in positive mode, the prominent dehydrated ion peak (m/z: 369, M+H-H2O) of cholesterol was characterized in all three groups. In positive mode, the discrimination among three groups was much clearer than that in negative mode by using multivariate analysis of orthogonal partial-least squares-discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA). DART-TOF-MS can ionize various small organic molecules in living tissues and is an efficient alternative analytical tool for acquiring full chemical fingerprints from living tissues without requiring sample preparation. DART-MS measurement of skin tissue with multivariate analysis proved to be a powerful method to discriminate between experimental groups and to find biomarkers for various experiment models in skin dermatological research.

Construction of the tissue engineering seed cell (HaCaT-EGF) and analysis of its biological characteristics

OBJECTIVE@#To construct the tissue engineering seed cell (HaCaT cell line) with stable expression of the human epidermal growth factor (EGF), and analyze the changes of its biological characteristics.@*METHODS@#PCDNA3.1-EGF eukaryotic expression vector was transferred into HaCaT cell, and G418 was utilized to select the HaCaT-EGF cell line. Using an inverted microscope, PCR, ELISA method to detect the changes of the cell morphology, the expression of the EGF gene and protein, and the mRNA expression levels of apoptosis related molecule Caspase-3, the cell cycle related protein cyclin D1.@*RESULTS@#The mRNA expression levels of the obtained HaCaT-EGF cell were more than 100 times higher than the level of ordinary HaCaT cell. The colony of the HaCaT-EGF cells was more focused and tight compared to the empty vector transfected HaCaT cells and normal HaCaT cells. The expression levels of apoptotic factor Caspase-3 and cyclin D1 in HaCaT-EGF cell were significantly higher than those in the empty vector HaCaT- pcDNA3.1 cell, and the differences were statistically significant (P0.05).@*CONCLUSIONS@#HaCaT-EGF cell can continuously secrete EGF, and the biological characteristic is stable. It can be used for tissue engineering experiment and is an ideal seed cell for constructing tissue engineered skin.